Vaginal Yeast Infection, also known as Candidiasis, is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida, typically Candida albicans. This fungus naturally exists in small amounts in the vagina, but various factors can disrupt the balance of microorganisms, leading to an infection. Common triggers include antibiotic use, high estrogen levels (such as during pregnancy or hormone therapy), uncontrolled diabetes, and a weakened immune system.
Clinical Evaluation
Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will perform a pelvic exam to check for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, and discharge.
Patient History: Information about symptoms, medical history, and potential risk factors will be collected.
Laboratory Tests
Microscopic Examination: A sample of vaginal discharge is examined under a microscope to identify the presence of Candida cells.
Culture Test: A sample of vaginal discharge is cultured to grow and identify the specific type of yeast causing the infection.
pH Test: The pH of the vaginal fluid is tested. A normal pH (4.0 to 4.5) can help distinguish a yeast infection from bacterial infections, which typically cause a higher pH.
Intense itching and irritation in the vaginal area.
Thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge that resembles cottage cheese.
Redness and swelling of the vulva and vagina.
Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse.
Soreness and discomfort in the vaginal area.
Vaginal rash.
Treatment for vaginal yeast infections aims to reduce symptoms and eliminate the overgrowth of Candida.
Antifungal Medications: Over-the-counter or prescription antifungal creams, ointments, tablets, or suppositories are commonly used. These may include clotrimazole, miconazole, or fluconazole.
Oral Antifungal Medication: A single dose of oral fluconazole is often effective for treating a yeast infection.
Preventive Measures: Wearing loose-fitting, breathable underwear, avoiding douching, and maintaining proper genital hygiene can help prevent future infections.
Management of Risk Factors: Controlling blood sugar levels in diabetics, avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, and managing other underlying health conditions can reduce the risk of recurrent infections.